Urology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases of the urinary system in both men and women, as well as the male reproductive system.
Who is a Urologist?
A urologist is a specialist with expertise in therapy, surgery, gynecology (in terms of urinary system diseases in women), and andrology (the science of male health). Urologists work with patients of all ages, from children to the elderly. They treat both acute and chronic conditions and are also involved in the prevention of complications.
What Diseases Does a Urologist Treat?
Urologists address a wide range of diseases, which can be divided into several categories:
1. Diseases of the Urinary System
- Cystitis – inflammation of the bladder, more common in women.
- Pyelonephritis – an infectious inflammation of the kidneys.
- Kidney stones – the formation of stones in the kidneys, ureters, or bladder.
- Urethritis – inflammation of the urethra.
- Urinary incontinence – a problem that can affect both men and women, especially in older age.
2. Diseases of the Male Reproductive System
- Prostatitis – inflammation of the prostate gland.
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) – enlargement of the prostate, which can lead to difficulty urinating.
- Erectile dysfunction – the inability to achieve or maintain an erection.
- Male infertility – conception problems related to dysfunction of the reproductive system.
3. Oncological Diseases
- Prostate cancer – one of the most common cancers in men.
- Bladder cancer – a malignant tumor that may present with blood in the urine.
- Kidney cancer – a tumor that requires timely diagnosis and treatment.
4. Congenital Anomalies
- Phimosis – narrowing of the foreskin in men.
- Cryptorchidism – undescended testicles in boys.
- Hypospadias – a congenital defect of the urethra.
5. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Urologists also treat sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and others.
When to See a Urologist?
A consultation with a urologist is necessary if you experience the following symptoms: pain in the lower back, abdomen, or groin; urinary problems such as frequent, painful, or difficult urination; blood in the urine; changes in sexual function, such as decreased libido or erectile dysfunction; or if you suspect an infection of the urinary or reproductive system.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Urologists use modern diagnostic methods, including ultrasound of the kidneys, bladder, and prostate, urine and blood tests, cystoscopy (examination of the bladder using a special instrument), and urodynamic studies to assess bladder function.
Treatment may include conservative methods such as medication and physical therapy, as well as surgical interventions, such as stone removal, prostate surgery, or tumor treatment.
Prevention of Urological Diseases
Urologists place great emphasis on prevention. Recommendations include maintaining proper hydration, timely treatment of infections, regular check-ups with a urologist (especially for men over 40 to detect prostate issues early), and adopting a healthy lifestyle, including quitting smoking, limiting alcohol, and eating a balanced diet.